Tools
Model terms of reference for a scoping study (staff audits, benchmarking, work force analysis)
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Table of information sources for international benchmarking
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Additional Material
Estache, Antonio, Jose Antonio Schmitt de Azevedo, and Evelyn Sydenstricker. 2000. "Labor Redundancy, Retraining and Outplacement during Privatization: The Experience of Brazil's Federal Railway." Policy Research Working Paper WPS2460. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
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Tynan, Nicola, and William Kingdom. 2002. "A Water Scorecard." Viewpoint Note 242. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
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Web SitesBureau of Labor Statistics, United States:. http://www.bls.gov/. (This site provides public access to a wide range of labor statistics and international comparisons.)
International Telecommunications Union (ITU). (The ITU Telecommunications Indicators Database provides data sets on performance measures of telecommunications operators worldwide, including staffing. See http://www.itu.int/.)
World Bank "Shrinking Smartly": http://www.worldbank.org/research/projects/downsize/. (This site is a clearinghouse for researchers, development practitioners, and government officials concerned about the difficulties encountered in downsizing a large public sector.)
Other Material and SourcesBartram, Sharon, and Brenda Gibson. 1997. Training Needs Analysis: A Resource for Analyzing Training Needs, Selecting Training Strategies and Developing Training Plans. Gower, Aldershot. (A manual on training needs analysis with guidance notes and 22 example formats and instruments.)
Burke, Ronald J., and Cary L. Cooper. 2000. The Organization in Crisis: Downsizing, Restructuring and Privatization. Oxford, U.K.: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.. (This is a collection of articles on organizational change in industrial countries, including impacts on workers and the organization. The main audience comprises organizational development specialists and researchers.)
Economic Commission for Europe. 2002. Productivity in Rail Transport Note by the Secretariat. Working Party on Rail Transport, Fifty- Sixth Session, 16-18 October 2002. Inland Transport Committee, United Nations Economic and Social Council, Economic Commission for Europe. (This session includes a review of labor benchmarks in the rail sector, drawing on international experience. Available at http://www.unece.org/trans/.)
Galbraith, Jay R. 2002. Designing Organizations: An Executive Guide to Strategy Structure and Process. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. (A well-known text on organization design, which can help inform functional analysis and organizational restructuring.)
Kanawaty, George. ed. 1992. Introduction to Work Study. Geneva: International Labour Office. (Describes the basic techniques of work study, particularly for manufacturing and process tasks, and office work.)