Labor Toolkit

References

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | Z | X | Y

A

Abraham, Steven E., and Dong-One Kim. 1999.
"Layoff and Employment Guarantee Announcements: How Do Shareholders Respond?"
Economics Department Working Paper 1999-02.
Oswego: State University of New York.

Aeberhard, Jane Hodges. 2001.
"Comparative Study of Contents of Civil Service Statutes."
International Labour Office, Geneva.

Aidt, Toke, and Zafiris Tzannatos. 2002.
Unions and Collective Bargaining: Economic Effects in a Global Environment.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Alcázar, Lorena, Manuel A. Abdala, and Mary M. Shirley. 2000.
"The Buenos Aires Water Concession."
Policy Research Working Paper 2311. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Alderman, Harold, Sudharshan Canagarajah, and Stephen D. Younger. 1994.
"Consequences of Permanent Layoff from the Civil Service: Results from a Survey of Retrenched Workers in Ghana."
In David L. Lindauer and Barbara Nunberg, eds., Rehabilitating Government: Pay and Employment Reform in Africa.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Alegre, Helena. 2000.
Performance Indicators for Water Supply Services.
London: International Water Association.

Artemiev, Igor, and Michael Haney. 2002.
"The Privatization of the Russian Coal Industry: Policies and Processes in the Transformation of a Major Industry."
Policy Research Working Paper 2820. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Asian Development Bank. 1993.
Water Utilities Data Book: Asian and Pacific Region.
Manila.

---. 1994.
Handbook for Incorporation of Social Dimensions in Projects.
Manila.

---. 1997.
Water Utilities Data Book: Asian and Pacific Region.
Manila.

Assaad, Ragui. 1997.
"The Effects of Public Sector Hiring and Compensation Policies on the Egyptian Labor Market."
The World Bank Economic Review 11(1):85-118.

---. 1999.
"Matching Severance Payments with Worker Losses in the Egyptian Public Sector. "
The World Bank Economic Review 13 (1): 17-53.

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B

Baker, J. L. 1999.
Evaluating the Poverty Impact of Projects: A Handbook for Practitioners.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Bales, Sarah, and Martin Rama. 2002.
"Are Public Sector Workers Underpaid?" Working Paper 2747.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Bartram, Sharon, and Brenda Gibson. 1997.
Training Needs Analysis: A Resource for Analyzing Training Needs, Selecting Training Strategies and Developing Training Plans.
Aldershot: Gower.

Basu, Kaushik, Gary S. Fields, and Shub Debgupta. 1996.
Retrenchment, Labor Laws and Government Policy: An Analysis with Special Reference to India.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Bateman, Hazel, Geoffrey Kingston, and John Piggott. 2001.
Forced Saving: Mandating Private Retirement Incomes.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Belser, Patrick, and Martin Rama. 2001.
"State Ownership and Labor Redundancy: Estimates Based on Enterprise-Level Data from Vietnam."
Policy Research Paper 2599.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Betcherman, Gordon. 2002.
"An Overview of Labor Markets World-Wide: Key Trends and Major Policy Issues." Social Protection Discussion Paper 0205.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Betcherman, Gordon, Amit Dar, Amy Luinstra, and Makoto Ogawa. 2000a.
"Active Labor Market Programs: Policy Issues for East Asia."
Social Protection Discussion Paper 0005.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

---. 2000b.
"Labor Adjustment, Non-Standard Work, and Employment Programs: Korea in an OECD Context."
Paper prepared for the conference on Economic Crisis and Labor Market Reform: The Case of Korea, Seoul, May 18-20.
World Bank, Social Protection Unit, Washington, D.C.

Bhoocha-oom, Areepong. 2001.
"The Privatisation of Ratchaburi Electricity Generating Holding Public Company Limited."
Presentation at APEC Privatization Forum Meeting, Taiwan, China, June 25-28.

Bhorat, Haroon, and Mei-Chi Liou. 2002.
"Labour Consequences of SOE Restructuring in South Africa."
Paper presented at the Second Annual Conference on Labour Markets and Poverty in South Africa, October 22-24.
Development Policy Research Unit, University of Cape Town/Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, Johannesburg.

Birdsall, Nancy, and John Nellis. 2002.
"Winners and Losers: Assessing the Distributional Impact of Privatization."
Working Paper 6.
World Bank, Center for Global Development, Washington, D.C.

Blomquist, John. 2002.
"Impact Evaluation Case: Tanzania Redeployment Programs."
Paper presented at the Social Safety Nets Core Course, Protecting the Vulnerable: The Design and Implementation of Effective Safety Nets, December 2-13.
World Bank Institute, Washington, D.C.

Bothelho, Caren Addis, and Lara Goldmark. 2000.
"Paraguay Vouchers Revisited: Strategies for the Development of Training Markets."
Paper presented at the International Conference on Business Services for Small Enterprises in Asia, Hanoi, Vietnam, April 3-6.
Development Alternatives Inc., Washington, D.C.

Brinkerhoff, Derick W., and Benjamin L. Crosby. 2002.
Managing Policy Reform: Concepts and Tools for Decision-Makers in Developing and Transition Countries.
Bloomfield: Kumarian Press.

Brook, Penelope J., and Suzanne M. Smith, eds. 2001.
Contracting for Public Services: Output-based Aid and Its Applications.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Brzica, Dane. No date.
"Privatization in Slovakia: The Role of Employee and Management Participation."
Working Paper IPPRED-12.
International Labour Organisation, Geneva.

Burke, Ronald J., and Cary L. Cooper. 2000.
The Organization in Crisis: Restructuring, Downsizing,and Privatization.
Oxford: Blackwell.

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C

Cabanero-Verzosa, Cecilia, and Paul Mitchell. 2002.
"Communicating Economic Reform." Paper by Development Communications Division. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Cameron, Kim S. 1994.
"Strategies for Successful Organizational Downsizing."
Human Resource Management 33(2):189-211:

Campa, Jose Manuel. 1996.
"Public Sector Retrenchment: Spain in the 1980s."
World Bank Conference on Public Sector Retrenchment and Efficient Compensation Schemes, Washington, D.C.

Campbell-White, Oliver, and Anita Bhatia. 1998.
"Privatization in Africa."
Directions in Development Report 17972.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Cao, Yuanzheng, Yingyi Qian, and Barry R. Weingast. 1999.
"From Federalism, Chinese Style to Privatization, Chinese Style."
Economics of Transition 7(1):103-31.

Carneiro, Francisco G., and Indermit S. Gill. 1997.
"Effectiveness and Financial Costing of Voluntary Separation Programs in Brazil: 1995-1997."
Economic Notes 25, World Bank, Latin America and the Caribbean Region, Washington, D.C.

Chang, Kuei-Lin. 2002.
"Role of Emloyee Considerations in Privatization Policy."
Presentation at the OECD Conference on Privatization, Employment and Employees, Istanbul.

Chen, Yi, and Ishac Diwan. 2000.
"When the Bureaucrats Move out of Business: A Cost-Benefit Assessment of Labor Retrenchment in China."
Labor Issues in Infrastructure Reform: A ToolkitFERENCES Policy Research Working Paper 235.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Chong, Alberto, and Florencio López-de-Silanes. 2002.
"Privatization and Labor Force Restructuring around the World."
World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 2884. Washington, D.C.

Chong, Alberto, and Martin Rama. 2000.
"Do Separation Packages Need to Be That Generous? Simulations for Government Employees in Guinea- Bissau." Paper prepared for Sub-Saharan Africa Region, World Bank (AFTM5), supported by the Research Project on Efficient Public Sector Downsizing (RF-P036874). Washington, D.C.

Choy, Jon. 1998.
"Diet Clears Controversial JNR Debt Repayment Plan." JEI Report 40 (B). Japan Economic Institute, Washington, D.C. Available at www.jei.org.

Clarke, George. 2001.
"Thirsting for Efficiency." Paper presented at the regional conference on the reform of the water supply and sanitation sector in Africa, Enhancing Public-Private Partnership in the Context of the Africa Vision for Water (2025), Kampala, Uganda. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Cliento, Marco. 1998.
Practice and Models of Financial Participation of Employees in the Companies of Europe: A Comparative Analysis. Rome: Institute of the Study of Innovation and Changes in Production Processes and Labour (SINDNOVA).

Coil, James H., and Charles M. Rice. 1997.
"Employment Law in Venezuela and Brazil: Termination; Social Security; Anti-Discrimination." Latin American Law and Business Report, February 28.

Corradetti, Susana. 1999.
"The Impact of the Privatization of Public Sector Enterprises on Labour Relations and Conditions of Work and Employment in the Air and Land (Rail) Transport Sector."
Discussion Paper 2, Symposium on the Social and Labour Consequences of Technological Developments, Deregulation and Privatization of Transport.
International Labour Office, Geneva.

Cowie, Jonathan, and Riddington, G. 1996.
"Measuring the Efficiency of European Railways."
Applied Economics 28:1027-35.

Cruz, Wilfred. 2001.
"Addressing Labor Concerns during Privatization: Lessons from the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS), Manila, Philippines."
PPIAF Case Study. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

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D

Dar, Amit, and Indermit S. Gill. 1995.
"Evaluations of Retraining Programs in OECD Countries: Implications for Economies in Transition."
Internal Discussion Paper 156.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

---. 1998.
"Evaluating Retraining Programs in OECD Countries: Lessons Learned."
The World Bank Research Observer 13(1):79-101.

Dar, Amit, and Zafiris Tzannatos. 1999.
"Active Labor Market Programs: A Review of the Evidence from Evaluations."
Social Protection Discussion Paper 9901.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

de Ferranti, David, Guillermo E. Perry, Indermit S. Gill, and Francisco H. G. Ferreira. 2000.
Securing Our Future in a Global Economy.
Latin American and Caribbean Studies. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Degeorge, Francois, Dirk Jenter, Alberto Moel, and Peter Tufano. 2000.
"Selling Company Shares to Reluctant Employees: France Telecom's Experience."
NBER Working Paper 7683. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Mass.

Delana, Taito. 2002.
"Performance Benchmarking for Pacific Water Utilities."
Paper presented at From Vision to Actions: Towards a Sustainable Water Sector in the Pacific, July 29-August 3. Sigatoka, Fiji.

de Luca, Loretta, ed. 1998a.
Labour and Social Dimensions of Privatization and Restructuring– Public Utilities: Water, Gas, Electricity. Part I: Africa/Asia-Pacific Region.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

---, ed. 1998b.
Privatization and Restructuring–Public Utilities: Water, Gas, Electricity. Part II: Europe and Latin America.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

DFID (Department for International Development), United Kingdom. 1993.
Do Stakeholder Analysis of Aid Projects and Programmes. London.

DTI (Department of Trade and Industry), United Kingdom. 1993.
"Government's Proposals for British Coal Pensions after Privatization."
Consultative Paper. London.

Diewert, W. Erwin, and Alice O. Nakamura. 1999.
"Benchmarking and the Measurement of Best Practice Efficiency: An Electricity Generation Application."
Canadian Journal of Economics 32(2):570-88.

Dolton, Peter, and Donal O'Neill. 2002.
"The Long-Run Effects of Unemployment Monitoring and Work-Search Programs: Experimental Evidence from the United Kingdom."
Journal of Labor Economics 20(2):381-403.

Dranikoff, Lee, Tim Koller, and Antoon Schneider. 2002.
"Divestiture: Strategy's Missing Link."
Harvard Business Review 80(5):75-83.

Dumol, Mark. 2000.
The Manila Water Concession: A Key Government Official's Diary of the World's Largest Water Privatization.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

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E

Economic Commission for Europe. 2002.
"Productivity in Rail Transport."
Note by the Secretariat. Working Party on Rail Transport, Fiftysixth Session, October 16-18, Inland Transport Committee,
United Nations Economic and Social Council, Economic Commission for Europe.
Available at www.unece.org/trans.

Escott, Karen, and Dexter Whitfield. 1995.
Gender Impact of CCT in Local Government.
Manchester, United Kingdom: Equal Opportunities Commission.

Espinoza, Eduardo Martinez. 1997.
Experiences in a Market-Oriented Training System.
Geneva, International Labour Organization.
Available at http://www.ilo.org/ public/english/employment/skills/training/publ/chile. htm.

Estache, Antonio, and José Carbajo. 1996.
"Competing Private Ports-Lessons from Argentina."
Public Policy for the Private Sector, Note 100.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Estache, Antonio Marianela González, and Lourdes Trujillo. 2001.
"Technical Efficiency Gains from Port Reform: The Potential for Yardstick Competition in Mexico."
Policy Research Working Paper WP52637.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Estache, Antonio, Jose Antonio Schmitt de Azevedo, and Evelyn Sydenstricker. 2000.
"Labor Redundancy, Retraining, and Outplacement during Privatization: The Experience of Brazil's Federal Railway."
Policy Research Working Paper WPS2460.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Evans-Klock, Christine, Peggy Kelly, Peter Richards, and Corinne Vargha. 1999
Worker Displacement: "Public Policy and Labour-Management Initiatives in Selected OECD Countries." ILO Employment and Training Papers 24.
International Labour Office, Geneva.

Evans-Klock, Christine, and Alexander Samorodov. 1998.
The Employment Impact of Privatization and Enterprise Restructuring in Selected Transition Economies: Cross-Country Comparison of Findings from Established Surveys in Russia, Armenia, Georgia, Ukraine, the Kyrgyz Republic and China.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

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F

Fallick, Bruce C. 1996.
"A Review of the Recent Empirical Literature on Displaced Workers."
Industrial and Labor Relations Review 50(1)5-16.

Fay, Robert G. 1996.
"Enhancing the Effectiveness of Active Labor Market Policies: Evidence from Program Evaluations in OECD Countries."
OECD Occasional Paper 18. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.

Fiszbein, Ariel. 1992.
"Labor Retrenchment and Redundancy Compensation in State Owned Enterprises: The Case of Sri Lanka."
Internal Discussion Paper 121. World Bank, South Asia Region, Washington, D.C.

Freije, Samuel. 2001.
"Informal Employment in Latin America and the Caribbean: Causes, Consequences and Policy Recommendations."
Paper presented at Regional Consultation on Labor Issues, November 26-27.
Panama City. Instituto de Estudios Superiores de Administración (IESA).

Fretwell, David H. 2002.
"Mitigating the Social Impact of Privatization and Enterprise Restructuring."
Working Paper.
World Bank, Human Development Sector Unit, Europe and Central Asia, Washington, D.C.

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G

Galal, Ahmed, Leroy Jones, Pankaj Tandon, and Ingo Vogelsang. 1994.
Welfare Consequences of Selling Public Enterprises.
New York: Oxford University Press.

Galbraith, Jay R. 2002.
Designing Organizations: An Executive Guide to Strategy Structure and Process.
San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Gates, Jeffrey R., and Jamal Saghir. 1995.
"Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs): Objectives, Design Options and International Experience."
CFS Discussion Paper Series 112. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Goldmark, Lara, Caren Addis Botelho, and Paulo de Andrade Orozco. 2001.
"Key Issues in the Design, Implementation and Monitoring of Voucher Training Programmes."
Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation, Bern.

Goldmark, Lara, and Linda Fitzgerald. 2001.
"Vouchers: From Practice to Principles."
Paper prepared for the U.S. Agency for International Development, Bureau for Global Programs, Center for Economic Growth and Agricultural Development, Office of Microenterprise Development, Microenterprise Best Practices (MBP).

Gore, Tony, Gordon Dabinett, and Jonathan Breeze. 2000.
"Improving Lottery Funding Access and Delivery in the British Coalfields."
Department of Culture, Media and Sport, London.
Available at www.culture.gov.uk.

Gregory, Peter. 1994.
"Dealing with Redundancies in Government Employment in Ghana."
In David L. Lindauer and Barbara Nunberg, eds., Rehabilitating Government: Pay and Employment Reform in Africa.
Washington D.C.: World Bank.

Grosse, Robert, and Juan Ya-es. 1998.
"Carrying Out a Successful Privatization: The YPF Case."
Academy of Management Executive 12(2):51-63.

Grubb, W., and P. Ryan. 2000.
The Roles of Evaluation for Vocational Education and Training.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

Guislain, Pierre. 1997.
The Privatization Challenge: A Strategic, Legal, and Institutional Analysis of International Experience.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Gupta, O. P. 1998.
"Effective Reforms in the Telecom Sector."
Tele Labour, Organ of the National Federation of Telecom Employees (February).

Gupta. Sanjeev, Christian Schiller, and Henry Ma. 1999.
"Privatisation, Social Impact, and Social Safety Nets."
Working Paper 99/68.
International Monetary Fund, Washington, D.C.

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H

Haltiwanger, John, and Manisha Singh. 1999.
"Cross-Country Evidence on Public Sector Retrenchment."
The World Bank Economic Review 13(1):67-88.

Hansen, Gary B. 2001.
A Guide to Worker Displacement: Some Tools for Reducing the Impact on Workers, Communities and Enterprises.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

Harper, Malcolm, and Gerry Finnegan. 1998.
Value for Money? The Impact of Small Enterprise Development.
London: Intermediate Technology Publications.

Heckman, James, and Jeffrey Smith. 1998.
"The Pre- Program Earnings Dip and the Determinants of Participation in a Social Program: Implications for Simple Program Evaluation Strategies."
Economic Journal 109:313-48.

Hess, Jolanta. 1997.
"Labor Issues Associated with State Enterprise Restructuring-Handbook."
Draft. Unpublished. World Bank, Washington, D.C.
Processed.

Hinds, Basil. 1995.
"Privatizing Telecommunications in Guyana."
In Prokopenko, Joseph, ed.,
Management for Privatization: Lessons from Industry and Public Service.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

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I

IDB (Inter-American Development Bank). 2002.
"The Privatization Paradox."
Latin American Economic Policies 18 (Second Quarter).

IFC (International Finance Corporation). 1998.
Doing Better Business through Effective Public Consultation and Disclosure: A Good Practice Manual.
Washington, D.C.

---. 2002.
Handbook for Preparing a Resettlement Action Plan.
Washington, D.C.

India, Disinvestment Commission. 1998.
Eighth Report. New Delhi: Disinvestment Commission, Government of India.

International Labour Organisation. 1996.
"Social and Labour Problems Caused by Structural Adjustments in the Port Industry."
International Labour Organisation Sectoral Activities Programme. Geneva.

---.1999a.
Managing the Privatization and Restructuring of Public Utilities.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

---.1999b.
"Report for Discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Managing the Privatization and Restructuring of Public Utilities (Water, Gas, Electricity), Geneva 12-16 April."
International Labour Office, Geneva.

---. 2000.
Termination of Employment Digest.
Geneva: International Labour Office.
Available at www.ilo.org.

---. 2001.
"ILO Joint Meeting on the Impact of Decentralization and Privatization on Municipal Services Geneva, 15-19 October."
International Labour Office, Geneva.

---. 2002.
"Report for Discussion at the Tripartite Meeting on Employment, Employability and Equal Opportunities in the Postal and Telecommunications Services. Geneva 13-17 May."
International Labour Office, Geneva.

International Records Management Trust. 2001a.
"Case Study 2. Nigeria."
Annex 2 of International Experience with Civil Service Censuses and Civil Service Databases. London.

---. 2001b.
"Case Study 3. Tanzania."
Annex 2 of International Experience with Civil Service Censuses and Civil Service Databases. London.

ITF (International Transport Workers' Federation). 1997.
"Privatization and Other Port Reforms: The Demand for National and International Trade Union Response."
ITF Dockers Bulletin (September).

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J

Jones, Steven L., William L. Megginson, Robert C. Nash, and Jeffry M. Netter. 1999.
"Share Issue Privatizations as Financial Means to Political and Economic Ends."
Journal of Financial Economics 53(2):217-53.

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K

Kanawaty, George, ed. 1992.
Introduction to Work Study.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

Kikeri, Sunita. 1998.
"Privatization and Labor: What Happens to Workers When Governments Divest?"
Technical Paper 396.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Kletzer, Lori G. 1998.
"Job Displacement."
Journal of Economic Perspectives 12(1):115-36.

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L

Ledgerwood, Joann. 1998.
Microfinance Handbook An Institutional and Financial Perspective.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Lee, Barbara W. 1991.
"Should Employee Participation Be Part of Privatization?"
Working Paper WPS 664.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Lee Hecht Harrison. 2001.
Severance and Separation Benefits: Bridges for Employees in Transition.
Woodcliff Lake, N.J.: Lee Hecht Harrison Inc.

Leipold, Knut. 2002.
"Social Protection @ Your Fingertips: Using Information & Communications Technologies in Social Protection."
Employment Policy Primer. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Lindauer, David L., and Barbara Nunberg. 1994.
Rehabilitating Government: Pay and Employment Reform in Africa.
Washington D.C.: World Bank.

López-Calva, Luis F. 2001.
"Private Participation in Infrastructure and Labor Issues: The Privatization of Mexican Railroads."
PPIAF Case Study. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

López-de-Silanes, Florencio. 1997.
"Determinants of Privatization Prices."
Quarterly Journal of Economics 112(4):965-1025.

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M

Maloney, William. 2003.
"Informality Revisited." Policy Research Working Paper 2965. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Marges, Kees. 1999.
"Privatisation of Seaports as a Challenge for Trade Unions."
International Transport Workers' Federation, London.
Available at www.itf.org.uk.

Martin, Brendan. 2004.
In the Public Service.
London: Zed Books. Forthcoming.

Martin, Brendan, and Marc Micould. 1997.
Structural Adjustment and Railways Privatization-World Bank Policy and Government Practice in Ivory Coast and Ghana.
Report jointly commissioned by the World Bank (Economic Development Institute) and the International Transport Workers Federation (ITF).
London: Public World.

Mathieu, Nicolas. 1996.
"Industrial Restructuring: World Bank Experience, Future Challenges."
Operations Evaluation Study.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Mazza, Jacqueline. 2001.
"Labor Intermediation Services: A Review for Latin American and Caribbean Countries."
Paper presented at a Regional Technical Consultation Seminar on Labor Issues, Panama, November.
Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C.

McIntosh, Arthur C., and Cesar E. Yniguez. 1997.
Second Water Utilities Data Book.
Manila: Asian Development Bank.

Ménard, Claude, and George Clarke. 2000.
"A Transitory Regime: Water Supply in Conakry, Guinea."
Policy Research Working Paper 2362.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Moline, Ann. 2000.
"Track Record."
IFC Impact 4(1).

Murungi, Daudi. 2002.
"The Role of Board and Management in the Privatisation of Uganda Railways Corporation (URC)."
Paper presented at a Workshop on Railway Re-Structuring, Privatisation and Regulation, June. 23-30.
Lilongwe, Malawi. Commonwealth Secretariat, London.

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N

National Center for Employee Ownership. 2002.
"A Short History of the ESOP."
Online article at www.nceo.org/library/history.html.

National Performance Review. 1997.
Serving the American Public: Best Practices in Downsizing.
Washington, D.C.
Available at http://safetynet. doleta.gov/common/downsize.pdf.

NBIA (National Business Incubator Association). 1995.
A Comprehensive Guide to Business Incubation.
Athens, Ohio.

Newman, John, Steen Jorgensen, and Menno Pradhan. 1991.
"How Did Workers Benefit from Bolivia's Emergency Social Fund?"
The World Bank Economic Review 5(2):367-93.

Nguyen, Thanh Cong. 2002.
"Performance Benchmarking Urban Water Supply: Socialist Republic of Vietnam."
Presentation at May 2002 Water Forum,
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

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O

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 1999.
"Privatisation, Capital Market Development and Pension Systems Reform."
In Proceedings of the OECD Advisory Group on Privatisation, Thirteenth Plenary Session. Paris, 21-22 September.

---. 2001.
"Engaging Citizens in Policy-making: Information, Consultation and Public Participation."
PUMA Policy Brief 10. OECD, Paris.

---. 2002.
OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises: Global Instruments for Corporate Responsibility.
2001 edition. Paris: OECD.

O'Leary, Christopher J. 1995.
"Performance Indicators: A Management Tool for Active Labour Programmes in Hungary and Poland."
International Labour Review 134(6):729-51.

---. 1997.
"A Net Impact Analysis of Active Labour Programmes in Hungary."
Economics of Transition 5(2):453-84.

---. 1999.
"Promoting Self Employment among the Unemployed in Hungary and Poland."
Paper prepared for the International Conference on Self Employment, September 24-26, Burlington, Ont., Canada.
W. E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Kalamazoo, Michigan.

O'Leary, C., A. Nesporova, and A. Samorodov. 2001.
Manual on Evaluation of Labor Market Policies in Transition Economies.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

Orazem, Peter F., and Milan Vodopivec. 1996.
"Male-Female Differences in Labor Market Outcomes during the Early Transition to Market: The Case of Estonia and Slovenia."
Working Paper 2087.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Owen, John M., and Patricia J. Rogers. 1999.
Program Evaluation: Forms and Approaches.
London: Sage Publications.

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P

Panizza, Ugo. 1999.
"Why Do Lazy People Make More Money? The Strange Case of the Public Sector Wage Premium."
Working Paper 403.
Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C.

Parena, R., E. Smeets, and I. Troquet. 2002.
Process Benchmarking in the Water Industry.
London: International Water Association.

Petrazzini, Ben A. 1996.
"Competition in Telecoms: Implications for Universal Service and Employment."
Note 96. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Phillips, David A. 2000.
"Implementing the Market Approach to Enterprise Support: A Comparative Evaluation of Matching Grant Schemes."
Paper prepared for ECSPF. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Plane, Patrick. 1998.
"Privatization of Water and Electricity in Africa."
In Loretta de Luca, ed., 1998,
Labour and Social Dimensions of Privatization and Restructuring-Public Utilities: Water, Gas, Electricity. Part I: Africa/Asia-Pacific Region.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

---. 1999.
"Privatization, Technical Efficiency and Welfare Consequences: The Case of the Côte d'Ivoire Electricity Company (CIE)."
World Development 27(2):343-60.

Posusney, Marsha P., and Linda J. Cook, eds. 2002.
Privatization and Labor: Responses and Consequences in Global Perspective.
Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.

PPIAF (Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility). 2001.
Port Reform Toolkit.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Prokopenko, Joseph. 2000.
"Privatization: Lessons from Russia and China."
ILO Enterprise and Management Development Working Paper- EMD/24/E.
International Labour Office, Geneva.

Public Services International. 1997.
"Public Services, Private Interest."
PSI Briefing Notes Series.

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R

Rama, Martin. 1997.
"Efficient Public Sector Downsizing."
Policy Research Working Paper 1840.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

---. 1999.
"Public Sector Downsizing: An Introduction."
The World Bank Economic Review 13(1):1-22.

---. 2001.
"The Gender Implications of the Public Sector Downsizing: The Reform Program of Vietnam."
Policy Research Working Paper 2573.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Rama, Martin, and Donna MacIsaac. 1996.
"Activity, Earnings and Welfare after Retrenchment: Central Bank Employees in Ecuador."
Presented at World Bank Conference on Public Sector Retrenchment and Efficient Compensation Schemes,
November 6-7. Washington, D.C.

---. 1999.
"Earnings and Welfare after Downsizing: Central Bank Employees in Ecuador."
The World Bank Economic Review 13(1):89-116.

Ramamurti, Ravi, ed. 1996.
Privatizing Monopolies: Lessons from the Telecommunications and Transport Sectors in Latin America. Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press.

Ramamurti, Ravi. 1996.
"Testing the Limits of Privatization: Argentine Railroads."
World Development 25(12):1973-93.

Ravallion, Martin. 1998.
"Appraising Workfare Programs."
Policy Research Working Paper 1955.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Rawski, Thomas. 1998.
"China: Prospects for Full Employment."
ILO Training and Employment Paper 47.
International Labour Office, Geneva.
Available at http://www.ilo.org/public/english/employment/strat/publ/etp47.htm.

Ray, Pranabesh. 2001.
"HR Issues in Private Participation in Infrastructure: A Case Study of Orissa Power Reforms."
Report Commissioned for the PPIAF. PPIAF Case Study.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Reuters. 1999.
"Bahamas Telecom Workers Dispute Privatization Plan."
Available at www.cnn.com.

Revenga, Ana, Michelle Riboud, and Hong Tan. 1994.
"The Impact of Mexico's Retraining Program on Employment and Wages."
The World Bank Economic Review 8(2):247-77.

Robbins, Donald. 1996.
"Public Sector Retrenchment: A Case Study of Argentina World Bank."
Presented at World Bank Conference on Public Sector Retrenchment and Efficient Compensation Schemes,
November 6-7. Washington, D.C.

Robinson, Marguerite. 2001.
The Microfinance Revolution: Sustainable Finance for the Poor.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Ross, Peter K., and Greg J. Bamber. 1998.
"Changing Employment Relations in Former Public Monopolies: Comparisons, Contrasts and Strategic Choices at New Zealand Telecom and Telstra."
Paper presented at the 12th AIRAANZ (The Association of Industrial Relations Academics of Australia and New Zealand) Conference,
February 3-5.
Griffith University, Wellington, New Zealand.

Ruppert, Elizabeth. 1999.
"The Algerian Retrenchment: A Financial and Economic Evaluation."
The World Bank Economic Review 13(1):155-83.

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S

SAFIR (South Asia Forum for Infrastructure Regulation). 2002.
"Small-Scale Service Providers: Single-Owner Bus Transport in Sri Lanka."
SAFI Newsletter 8(May).

Saghir, Jamal, and Robert Taylor. 1999.
"Private Sector Participation in Water Supply and Sanitation Services."
Presentation, Cairo, December 1999.
World Bank and International Finance Corporation, Washington, D.C.

Salih, Rozana. 2000.
"Privatization in Sri Lanka."
In Joshi Gopal, ed., Privatization in South Asia: Minimizing Negative Social Effects through Restructuring.
New Delhi: International Labour Organization.

Sauti-Phiri, Charles. 2002.
"Privatisation in Malawi."
Paper presented at the ECAMA Conference, August 30.
Lilongwe, Malawi. Privatisation Commission, Blantyre.

Schmid, Guenther, Jacqueline O'Reilly, and Klaus Schoemann, eds. 1997.
International Handbook of Labour Market Policy and Evaluation.
Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.

Shaikh, Hafeez. 1996
"Argentina Privatization Program: A Review of Five Cases."
World Bank, Private Sector Development Department, Washington, D.C.

Sin, Yvonne. 2003.
"Pension Reform Options Simulation Toolkit–PROST."
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Starcher, George. No date.
"Socially Responsible Enterprise Restructuring."
Joint Working Paper of the International Labour Organization and the European Bahá'í Business Forum.
International Labour Office, Geneva. Available at www.ilo.org.

Steel, William F. 2002.
"Small Business Development Services."
Presented at World Bank Seminar, May 14. Washington, D.C.

---. 2003.
"Using Vouchers to Develop Business Development Service Markets for Kenya's Micro and Small Enterprises."
Presentation to CWSA Workshop, January 28.

Svejnar, Jan, and Katherine Terrell. 1991.
"Reducing Labor Redundancy in State-Owned Enterprises."
Policy Research and External Affairs Working Paper 792.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Szeman, Zsuzsa. 1994.
"Social Costs of Economic Transformation in Central Europe: Employer Policies towards Older Workers in Hungary."

SOCO Project Paper 11.
Institute for Human Sciences, Vienna.

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T

Talley, Wayne K. 1999.
"Ocean Container Shipping: Impacts of a Technological Improvement."
Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Economic Association, January. New York.

Tandon, Pankaj. 1995.
"Welfare Effects of Privatization: Some Evidence from Mexico."
Boston University International Law Journal 13:329-49.

Tansel, Aysit. 1996.
"Workers Displaced Due to Privatization in Turkey: Before versus after Displacement."
Presented at World Bank Conference on Public Sector Retrenchment and Efficient Compensation Schemes,
November 6-7. Washington, D.C.

Tawney, Clare, and Jacob Levitsky. 1997.
"Small Enterprise Development as a Strategy for Reducing the Social Cost of Restructuring and Privatization."
ILO Working Paper IPPRED-6. International Labour Office, Geneva.

Terrell, Katherine. 1993.
"Public-Private Wage Differentials in Haiti. Do Public Servants Earn a Rent?"
Journal of Development Studies 42:293-314.

Thompson, Louis S., Karim-Jacques Budin, and Antonio Estache. 2001.
"Private Investment in Railways: Experience from South and North America, Africa and New Zealand."
Paper presented at the European Transport Conference, September.

Tynan, Nicola, and William Kingdom. 2002.
"A Water Scorecard."
Viewpoint Note 242.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

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U

UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development). 1995.
Comparative Experiences with Privatization: Policy Insights and Lessons Learned.
New York and Geneva.

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V

Valdez, Jose A. 2002.
"Case Studies on Human Resource Issues in Private Participation in Infrastructure in Bolivia."
PPIAF Case Study. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Van Adams, A., and S. Wilson. 1994.
"Self- Employment for the Unemployed: Experience in OECD and Transitional Economies."
Discussion Paper 263.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Van der Hoeven, Rolph, and Gyorgy Sziracki, eds. 1997.
Lessons from Privatization: Labour Issues in Developing and Transitional Countries.
Geneva: International Labour Office.

Venesaar, Urve. 1995.
"Labour Market." In Olev Legus and George A. Hachey, eds.,
Transforming the Estonian Economy.
Tallin: International Centre for Economic Growth and Institute of Economics, Estonian Academy of Sciences.

Vinogradova, Elena. 2002.
"Provision of Social Benefits by Russian Enterprises: Manager's Behavior and Motivations."
In Marsha P. Posusney and Linda J. Cook, eds.,
Privatization and Labor: Responses and Consequences in Global Perspective.
Cheltenham, United Kingdom: Edward Elgar.

Vives, Antonio. 1999.
"Pension Funds in Infrastructure: Regulations and Instrument Design."
Technical Study IFM-119.
Inter-American Development Bank, Washington, D.C.

Von Holdt, Karl. 2001.
"Spoornet: Labour Saves Government from a Disastrous Plan."
Naledi Policy Bulletin 4(3):2-4.

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W

Walton, Richard E., Joel E. Cutcher-Gershenfeld, and Robert B. McKersie. 2000.
Strategic Negotiations: A Theory of Change in Labor Management Relations.
Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Webb, Michael, and David Ehrhardt. 1998.
"Improving Water Services through Competition."
Report 164.
World Bank, Washington, D.C.

Wellenius, Bjorn, and Peter A. Stern. 1994.
Implementing Reforms in the Telecommunications Sector: Lessons from Experience.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

Wodon, Quentin, and Mari Minowa. 2001.
"Training for the Urban Unemployed: A Reevaluation of Mexico's Probecat."
In Devarajan, Shantayanan, F. Halsey Rogers, and Lyn Squire, eds.
World Bank Economists' Forum. Volume 1, pp. 197-215.
Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

World Bank. No date.
"Active Labor Market Programs: Impact Evaluation Techniques."
Primer Note. World Bank, Washington, D.C.

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---. 1995a.
Bureaucrats in Business. The Economics and Politics of Government Ownership.
Washington, D.C.

---. 1995b.
"China: Labor Market Development Project."
Staff Appraisal Report 14602-CHA. Washington, D.C.

---. 1995c.
Labor Market Policies for Higher Employment.
Dhaka, Bangladesh.

---. 1996a.
"Brazil: Federal Railways Restructuring and Privatization Project."
Staff Appraisal Report 15580. Washington, D.C.

---. 1996b.
"Coal Pilot Project in the Ukraine."
Staff Appraisal Report 15351-UA. Washington D.C.

---. 1996c.
"Designing Project Monitoring and Evaluation."
Lessons and Practices 8.
Operations Evaluation Department, World Bank, Washington D.C.

---. 1996d.
"Morocco: Railway RestructuringbProject."
Staff Appraisal Report 15988. Washington, D.C.

---. 1996e.
"Privatization in Zambia, 1993-95."
Africa Technical Department, Washington, D.C.

---. 1996f.
World Bank Participation Sourcebook.
Washington, D.C.

---. 1997a.
"Towards a New Role for the State in Uruguay's Utilities."
Report 16154-UY. Washington, D.C.

---. 1997b.
World Development Report.
Washington, D.C.

---. 2000.
Port Reform Toolkit–Module 7: Port Labor Reform.
Washington, D.C.

---. 2001.
"Enhancing Public-Private Ownership in the Context 0f the African Vision for Water(2025)."
In Political Economy of Water Sector Reform.
Volume 1, Summary of the Regional Conference on the Reform of the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector in Africa, Kampala, Uganda,February 26-28, 2001.
Water and Sanitation Programme, World Bank. Washington, D.C.

---. 2002.
Public Communications Programs for Privatization: A Toolkit for Task Team Leaders and Clients.
Washington, D.C.

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