Case Study : SRI LANKA

The city problems
This table collates the information on the basis of the different categories of problem identified, and brings together the different ways in which the problem has been addressed in different countries

Case	Problem issue	Ref	Problem source	Actions taken	Reforms proposed
Sri Lanka	High budget cost		Inefficient publicly owned operators	Committee to review company operations	Commercialization.Phased program of franchise tendering
	Poor operator behavior		Fragmentation of ownership	“Combined timetables”	Move to contracted services.
	Poor targeting of subsidies		Channeling solely through public enterprises	Some tendering of school service schedules	Competitive tendering of all subsidized service
	High accident rates		Fragmentation of ownership. On the road competition		Introduction of competition for the mareket
	Loss of social services		Decline of public sector operators	Some tendering by NTC	Comprehensive tendering of services
	Inefficient despatching		Fragmentation of supply	“Combined timetables”	Move to service contracts
	Poor customer empowerment		Poor enforcement of law on public companies	NTC complaints procedures	Enforcement of contracts
	Low vehicle utilization		Excessive issue of permits to private operators	Moratorium on new permits	Competitive tendering of all services

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The reforms proposed
This table categorizes the information in terms of the types of reform proposed, setting out the actions already taken and the degree of success achieved.

Reforms proposed	Problem issue addressed	Ref	Actions taken	Success achieved
*Competitive tendering*	Poor vehicle utilization Loss of social services Bad operator behavior		Tendering limited at present to school and some unremunerative services	Pilot promising Extended application not yet decided on.
*Complaints systems*	Poor operator behavior		Regulatory authority hotline	Moderate
*Minimum operator size conditions*	Poor operator behavior Inappropriate despatching		Proposed but not implemented

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The influence of industrial structure
This table examines the relationship between the industrial structure in the different cities and the types of problems arising.

Industrial structure	Case	Problem issue	Problem source	Reforms proposed
*State owned enterprise*	Sri Lanka	Low efficiency Failure to provide social services	Lack of financial discipline
*Small scale formal private operators*	Sri Lanka	Bad operator behavior Low vehicle utilization	Excess of permissions Self regulated despatching