The city problems
This table collates the information on the basis of the different categories of problem identified, and brings together the different ways in which the problem has been addressed in different countries
Case |
Problem issue |
Ref |
Problem source |
Actions taken |
Reforms proposed |
Recife |
Low speeds |
|
Road congestion Excessive number of “combis” |
Banning of combis in center |
Franchising for combis |
Poor integration with metro |
G p31 |
Institutional separation |
|
Formation of metropolitan agency |
Decreasing demand for buses |
G p31 |
Loss of market to combis |
Ban on combis |
|
Institutional competition |
G p31 |
Division of power among local government units |
|
Formation of metropolitan agency |
Financing of metro concession |
|
Inability to develop rail profit base |
Rail system transfer to state delayed |
Integration of rail in gross cost concession |
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The reforms proposed
This table categorizes the information in terms of the types of reform proposed, setting out the actions already taken and the degree of success achieved.
Reforms proposed |
<
Problem issue addressed |
Ref |
Actions taken |
Success achieved |
Create metropolitan authority |
<
Integration of modes
Jurisdictional conflict |
|
“Consortium” team established. Laws passed |
Not yet operational |
Bans on informal sector |
Congestion; declining demand for large buses |
|
Accompanied by compensation scheme |
Effective, but public reaction mixed |
Fare integration between modes |
|
|
|
|
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The influence of industrial structure
This table examines the relationship between the industrial structure in the different cities and the types of problems arising.
Industrial structure |
Case |
Problem issue |
Problem source |
Reforms proposed |
Large scale formal private operators |
Recife |
Lack of competitive pressure |
Grandfathered operating rights |
Competitive tendering of franchises |
