The city problems
This table collates the information on the basis of the different categories of problem identified, and brings together the different ways in which the problem has been addressed in different countries
Case |
Problem issue |
Ref |
Problem source |
Actions taken |
Reforms proposed |
Hanoi |
Inadequate bus capacity |
|
Poor competitive position vis a vis Motorcycles |
Constraints on new m/c purchase
State finance of buses. Reform of operating units |
Opening routes to competitive tender |
Poor relative speed of buses |
|
High use of motor cycles |
Some bus priorities |
Introduction of BRT system |
Budget cost of SOE buses |
|
Low fares, high level of discount for period tickets |
|
Move to competitively tendered contracts |
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The reforms proposed
This table categorizes the information in terms of the types of reform proposed, setting out the actions already taken and the degree of success achieved.
Reforms proposed |
Problem issue addressed |
Ref |
Actions taken |
Success achieved |
Competitive tendering |
Finance for fleet expansion |
|
Pilot tenders introduced |
Pilot problematical
Full scheme associated with busways not yet operational |
Busway systems |
Poor relative speed compared to m/cs |
|
Busway system under preparation |
Not yet operational |
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The influence of industrial structure
This table examines the relationship between the industrial structure in the different cities and the types of problems arising.
Industrial structure |
Case |
Problem issue |
Problem source |
Reforms proposed |
State owned enterprise |
Hanoi |
Budget burden
Capital finance |
Low fare control |
|
