The city problems
This table collates the information on the basis of the different categories of problem identified, and brings together the different ways in which the problem has been addressed in different countries
Case |
Problem issue |
Ref |
Problem source |
Actions taken |
Reforms proposed |
Bogota |
Air pollution |
|
Excessive number of buses, fragmented structure. Poor fare regulation. |
Scrapping of old vehicles |
Consolidation of responsibility in independent commission |
Low service quality |
|
Excess and fragmented supply. |
Introduction of BRT; franchise of operators |
Extend busway system |
Congestion and low speeds |
|
Congestion due to excess supply |
BRT on main routes |
Extend busway system |
Declining demand |
|
Poor service quality |
Introduction of BRT |
|
Conflict between BRT and non-BRT operation |
|
Separation of regulatory responsibility |
|
Creation of independent commission |
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The reforms proposed
This table categorizes the information in terms of the types of reform proposed, setting out the actions already taken and the degree of success achieved.
Reforms proposed |
Problem issue addressed |
Ref |
Actions taken |
Success achieved |
Competitive tendering |
Poor operator behavior
Small average fleet size |
|
Introduced only for Transmilenio busway services |
Good, but scope limited |
Busway systems |
Poor operator behavior; poor vehicle quality; declining demand |
|
Transmilenio accompanied by competitive tendering |
Good |
Financed vehicle scrapping |
Poor vehicle quality
Excess competition |
|
Financed scrapping as part of busway development |
Moderate |
Vehicle standards |
Poor vehicle quality |
|
Introduced as part of busway scheme |
Good |
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The influence of industrial structure
This table examines the relationship between the industrial structure in the different cities and the types of problems arising.
Industrial structure |
Case |
Problem issue |
Problem source |
Reforms proposed |
Small scale formal private operators |
Bogota |
|
|
|
